This is a comprehensive sociological study of the environmental movements in Odisha, and more particularly tribal movement in Kashipur block of Rayagada District. The author has examined the nature of tribal dependence on minor forest products and to what extent the people are losing their basic rights on traditional livelihood due to the process of industrialization and development. These movements are essentially against the mining industry in the state. Their major concern is about the land, water, and forests (jal, jamin, jangal) which are the natural resources of the locality, and the only source of their livelihoods. The developmental model adopted by independent India has often witnessed conflicts over livelihood and the environment. In the process of undertaking development projects, the government is in a way marginalizing the already marginalized section of our society. The environmental movements have been undertaken by the tribes of Odisha having the core idea of livelihood and right to use natural resources which they have been using for their survival since time immemorial. These movements have added a new dimension to Indian democracy, governing systems and civil society. The study has further analysed the responsibility of the state and role of the civil society towards environmental movements.