Since 2005, with the launch of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and various other developmental programmes, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have shown perceptible progress in some of the crucial demographic and health indicators. However, there remain challenges and areas of concern pertaining to population growth, health outcomes, gender inequality, unmet needs, and nutrition among children. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar together contribute maximum to the total births, unmet needs, and people below poverty line in the country. The book covers a wide range of issues on the interface between population and development in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. By using the data from Census, NFHS, DLHS, NSSO and other sources, the present volume highlights the recent scenario and emerging challenges. This book will be a very useful reference material not only for researchers but also for policymakers. CONTRIBUTORS P.M. Kulkarni D.A. Nagdeve Ravi B.P. Verma Priya Bhakat Shewli Shabnam Rati Parihar B. Paswan Akash Wankhede Pravat Kumar Sarangi Rajesh Raushan Mukesh Ravi Raushan Shanti Bhushan Kumari H. Lhungdim N. Jayenta Meitei Ruchi Singh D.P. Singh Vijay Vir Singh Shalini I. Meshram Abdul Jaleel CP M.R. Singariya Ankita Siddhanta S.K. Singh