The resistance movement of tribes in pre and post-independence era is an important chapter in the history of India. The contribution of tribes, whether tangible or intangible, in the socio-cultural sphere and freedom struggle cannot be underestimated. It is a fact that tribe loves their vicinity, law, culture and religion and throughout colonial rule, they preferred to live in isolation. The coming of the British and the establishment of their rule in various parts of India in the late 18th century started to create problems for tribal segment. The colonial policies and the programmes, the system of land revenue, interference in socio-cultural tradition of the tribes, introduction of land and forest act, construction of roads and railways through the tribal areas, etc. alienated the tribes. Consequently, a series of resistance movements took place in various parts of India. After independence, various efforts have been made to improve the socio-economic condition of the tribal segment and to sustain the constitutional safeguard given to them. The Central and State Governments have made incessant efforts in the direction of tribal welfare and development. Special programmes for their development have been undertaken in the successive Five Year Plans. The aim was to bring them on par with other developed sections of the society. However, a large segment of tribal community have been impoverished during the last six decades because most planners view development only as economic growth and neglect the social components of education, health, nutrition and hygiene. The strategy for tribal development needs to be focused in multi-dimension ways for their improvement, development and empowerment. This book deals with the major and lesser-known tribal movements in India and presents in-depth details regarding the causes, course and consequences of these popular civil protests.