This book presents research on athletes vs. non-athletes with respect to their personality and motivational patterns, using scientific research process essentially needed for carrying out scientific studies in behavioral sciences. In fact this book serves dual purpose: (i) enabling researcher to make use of the most appropriate methodology in their research studies and (ii) use of conducting research with factorial design. This book is basically intended to serve as a handbook for post -graduate, M. Phil. and doctoral students of sports and social science research.