This Proceedings volume is mainly the outcome of the 4th State Conference of Bharatiya Itihas Sankalana Samiti, (BISS) Odisha. Fourteen Research papers of senior as well as junior scholars on diverse historical and societal themes were presented in the aforesaid Conference. The proceedings, embodies-Mesolithic culture of Kalahandi, Numismatic profile of Kalahandi, Temple architecture and sculpture of Kalahandi and Nuapada, Buddhist monastic establishment at Lalitgiri, Chilika lake, early historic society of the Tel Valley, social environment in early medieval Kalahandi, social and spiritual impact of the Laxmi Purana, philosophy of Biswanatha Baba, King R.C. Mardaraj of Khallikote, Role of Acharya Harihara in freedom movement, H.K. Mahtab and Odisha historiography, peoples movement in Kalahandi against the merger in 1948 and last but not the least, the tribal development during five year plans. The themes are original in nature and the investigation of authors strictly adheres to historical research methodology. Thus, containing multiple topics within, the proceeding volume would cater to the academic interest of students and scholars.