Contents Acknowledgements v Preface vii 1. Genetically Modified Crops: Issues and Challenges with Special Reference to IPR And Farmers’ Rights 1 Ruchi Tiwari and Archana Gadekar 2. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Mechanism, Application, Advantages and Disadvantages 13 Anjali U. Joshi, Kavan N. Andharia, Priyank A. Patel, Rohit J. Kotadiya and Ramesh K. Kothari 3. Integrating the Role of Computational and Imaging Methods in Crop Protection and Management: Insights in a New Age of Precision Agriculture 41 Gayatri Dave 4. Transgenic Plants and Advanced Technology 55 Purna Dwivedi 5. Policy Networks and Agriculture Innovation: A Study of System of Rice Intensification in Bihar, India 77 Vikas Kumar 6. Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics in Linking Genome and Phenome Importance of Understanding the Phenotypes for Expiating the Outcome of Genomic Technologies-Knockout Mutant Studies and High Throughput Phenotyping 93 Abhinandan S. Patil, Viralkumar B. Mandaliya, Kirankumar G. Patel and S.A. Patil 7. Seed Patenting: Approach of US, Europe and India 105 Rujitha Shenoy 8. Scientometric Analysis on Cloning from 2004-17 119 Rahil Mathakia and Viralkumar B. Mandaliya 9. Climate-Smart Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change and Increasing Farm Income through Raising Off-Seasonal Seedlings of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Protected Environment–A Novel Approach 133 V.P. Joshi and P.M. Chauhan 10. Phenology, Taxonomy, Ethnobotany and their Relationship with Other Plant Studies: A Mini Review from Gujarat State, India 151 R.N. Nakar 11. Legal Regime of Seed Regulations in India 179 Sanjeev Kumar Choudhary 12. Microalgae Cultivation Strategies for Biofuel Production to Mitigating Climate Change through CO2 Sequestration 189 V.P. Joshi, P.M. Chauhan and K.B. Joshi 13. CRISPR-Cas: A Potential Tool in Plant Genome Editing 201 R.K. Kalaria 14. Uncertainty Over Medicinal Marijuana: History, Pharmacodynamics and Current Drug in Market 207 Rajvi K. Patel 15. An Efficient Protocol for Increased Fosmid Transformation in Preparation of Metagenomic Gene Bank 223 Verruchi Gupta, Sonam Nain, Shafaq Rasool, V. Verma 16. Molecular Mechanism of Drought Resistance in Plant 229 Abhinandan S. Patil1, Viralkumar B. Mandaliya, Kirankumar G. Patel and S.A. Patil 17. Wickedness to Heal: Climate Change 251 Rajendra Parikh 18. Climate Change Impacts on Crop Production and Smallholder Farmer Livelihoods in Limpopo Province, Northern South Africa 261 Nomcebo R. Ubisi, Unathi Kolanisi and Obert Jiri 19. Conservation of Biodiversity in Sacred Groves and its Connection with Wild Food and Agricultural Practices 273 D.K. Kulkarni and D.S. Nipunage 20. Legal Aspects of Biosafety Issues in Green Biotechnology: 297 With Special Reference to India Amit K Kashyap and Ayushi Gupta Color Plates The present edited book aimed at finding out the issues in Plant & Agricultural Biotechnology and how they can be addressed. The outline of the book was prepared as a part of the awareness program on the Biotechnology field. The contribution were invited from the people involved in green biology, directly or indirectly. The chapters have covered the substantive matter from India and abroad. The chapters explained advanced scientific knowledge as well as the regulatory framework. The issues and analysis presented in this book will shape the policy and theoretical debates in green biotechnology, at large. This book is useful to students, teachers, researchers, scientists, rural technologists and academicians engaged in the filed of plant and agricultural biotechnology.