This book is a compendium of 22 research papers presented at the National Seminar on Hill Economies and Sustainable Development in India: Challenges and Prospects organised by the Centre for Development Studies. Department of Economics, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar. Sustainable development has become a buzz word in development literature in view of growing degradation of natural resources. It is important to promote sustainable development to ensure efficiency and intergenerational equity in resource use and sharing of benefits. The hill region of India comprises of 11 States. Each of them has its own comparative advantage as well as challenges of development. In view of growing focus on sustainable development, the papers have attempted to address a wide range of issues concerning the sustainable development in hill economies of India such as livelihood diversification, food security, agricultural productivity, agricultural sustainability, multidimensional poverty and inequality, tourism, urbanization. migration, fiscal governance, State finances, entrepreneurship and gender issue. These papers suggest that there is a need to design region specific policy to overcome challenges and promote sustainable development.