A sense of insecurity is inherent in human condition as man is exposed to various kinds of risks and dangers. Initially the dangers were perceived in the external environment by the threat posed by the natural phenomena. As civilization progressed man began to look upon his fellow beings as his enemies and to protect himself against them. Societies and States were formed and the institution of the army and the police came into being. As civilization progressed further social ills and economic dangers began to pose greater threat to human life. So social security was born to protect man against these risks. This book consists of essays on measures in providing Social Protection India. The term ‘social protection’ should be understood to mean and include all public measures aimed at preventing deprivation and vulnerability to deprivation of chronic or temporary nature. It means social security in the broadest sense encompassing Food Security, Health Security, Employment Security, Income Security and other measures designed to protect against all forms of economic and social insecurity such as lack of assets, higher family size, illiteracy, malnutrition, very low access to housing, water supply and sanitation. It includes promotional measures such as employment programmes, provision of basic needs to the poor , primary education, basic health services, Public Distribution System, etc., which were described by the Government at one stage as the Basic Common Services as well as protective measures against contingent poverty caused by sickness, old age, unemployment, etc.