This book “Irrigation and Water Pollution” is divided into six chapters. The first chapter includes historical background of irrigation. Appreciation of the importance and relevance of good water management in India can be traced back more than five millennia ago. The second chapter deals with water management and fluctuations in agricultural output. In agriculture, irrigation water is always considered to be an engine of agricultural growth. The third chapter includes ground water, rain water irrigation, watershed development, and check dams. Ground water has rapidly emerged occupy a dominant place in India’s agriculture and food security in recent years. Over the past three decades it has become the main source of growth in irrigated area and now accounts for over 60 per cent of the irrigated area in the country. The fourth chapter deals with efficiency of water potential and agriculture. One of the most baffling problems of water management in India is under-utilization of available irrigation potential. The unused irrigation potential in the country is truly in shocking proportions. The fifth chapter includes some aspect of Water Resources : Conflict and Scarcity, measures to improve it, and their prospects. It estimates for consumptive use from irrigation are aggregated to get estimates for five broad basin groups and compared with estimated gross utilization of surface and ground water for irrigating in these groups. The sixth chapter deals with Climate Change and Water Pollution in India. Irrigation is the largest user of water in India. Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 70 per cent of its surface water resources and a growing percentage are contaminated by biological toxic, organic and inorganic pollutants.