Spanning three centuries of the speculative concerns of philosophy, Royce discusses the theories of Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Schopenhauer, and other important thinkers. A lucid and readable text, this volume provides students and other readers with scholarly views of the important developments in modern philosophy from the 1600s to the dawn of the twentieth century. Josiah Royce (1855 1916) has been hailed as America's foremost representative of the classic tradition of philosophical idealism. His significant contributions to mathematical logic, psychology, social ethics, literary criticism, and metaphysics further contributed to the development of his own philosophical doctrine.