Northeast region of India is the richest store house of plant diversity throughout the country and supports about 50% of India’s mega-diversity. The region exhibits the richest diversity in orchids, zingibers, yams, oranges, grapes, bamboos, canes and wild relatives of cultivated plants. North East India is the home to many botanical curiosities and botanical rarities and it has the potentiality for the major agricultural produce includes food grains, cereals and rice. The region’s advantages in producing fruits, vegetables and other horticulture products can be triggered by improved production dynamics which will also create food & nutrition security as well as improved livelihood & people’s wellbeing. The region produces a large amount of spices such as chilly, gingers, mustard seeds, turmeric, cardamom and others and have the potential of large production and productivity with further technology adoption and other factors. Considering the issues there is an urgent need of actions to promote conservation and sustainable use of the forests and forest resources of Northeast India and existing policies need to be reorganize to support community forest stewardship to better withstand and sustainability. Community based landscape planning and conservation effort is critically important and there should be a major strategy for securing the biodiversity of the region.