Eastern India is bestowed with very rich natural resources. However, the agricultural productivity is lowest in the country. Judicious management of nonrenewable land resource and renewable water resource is very much imperative for enhancing productivity and achieving Millennium Development Goal. Natural resource inventory of eastern India was called for applying suitable comprehensive interventions to enhance soil and water productivity of the region. Concerted efforts have been made to prepare a base line document regarding them status of natural resources on the basis of available information through various techniques including Geographical Information System (GIS). Strategic research and development works may be planned and executed spatially and temporally in eastern India on the basis of the document in future.