This book is the result of a study conducted in the rural areas on the scheme “THAI” carried out by the Rural Development department of the Government of Tamil Nadu in the remote villages of Tamil Nadu. Simply speaking it is building the basic infrastructure needed for the neglected areas. Tamil Nadu is known for building infrastructure to improve the living conditions of the people in the rural areas. At one point of time, it was lamented that all the village panchayats have been provided all the basic needs and facilities as the government of Tamil Nadu has implemented an innovative scheme called “Anaithu Grama Anna Marumalarchi Thittam”. It was introduced by the then DMK government under the leadership of M.Karunanidhi. Subsequently, the “THAI” scheme was introduced and implemented by the then AIADMK government under the leadership of J.Jayalalitha. When it was assessed as to what extent the objectives of the scheme are realized, it was found out that programme capture was the reality in the rural area for a long period of time by the dominant and politically influential social groups. This “THAI” scheme has addressed the above issue by providing the infrastructure needs of the rural areas more specifically to the area where the deprived sections are dwelling. Many of the families from the deprived sections in independent India even after sixty years they got roads, the pathways to the burial grounds, and electricity connections to their houses. It addressed the basic infrastructure needs of the Dalits and other marginalized sections of the rural society. In many ways, it was an innovative programme in addressing the felt needs of the poorest sections in the remote rural areas in Tamil Nadu.