'This book comprises with 2 parts part, I give brief about biotechnology. Part II contains of 36 chapters, chapter 1- 10 covers the basic introduction of Biotechnology and its aspects, and different types of tissue culture methods and its application in agriculture and its allied subjects. Chapter 11 - 19 describes about Basic molecular biology, structure and types of nucleic acids, Central dogma of life, gene structure and its regulation, PCR Blotting and DNA sequencing. Chapter 20 - 27 mainly covers genetic manipulation, rDNA construction, various genetic transformation methods, tools involved in development of transgenic crops, genetically modified crops for different characters, its regulation and biosafety. Chapter 28-34 explains about different types of molecular markers and marker assisted selection, QTL analysis, DNA finger printing, genomics, bioinformatics and its application Read more Table of Contents Preface v PART I Introduction to Biotechnology 3 PART II 1. Plant Tissue Culture: Concepts, History and Scope 15 2. Media and Culture Conditions and Sterilization Techniques 23 3. Regeneration Methods: Morphogenesis-Organogenesis and Embryogenesis 33 4. Culture Types: Callus and Cell Suspension Culture, Shoot Tip and Meristem Tip Culture 45 5. Anther and Pollen Culture, Ovule and Embryo Culture 57 6. Micropropagation: Banana and Ornamental Plants 69 7. National Certification System for TC Plants 81 8. Meristem Tip Culture (Virus Free Plants) and Anther Culture (Double Haploids) 93 viii 9. Protoplast Isolation and Fusion, Somaclonal Variation, Synthetic Seeds 105 10. Secondary Metabolites Production: In vitro Germplasm Conservation 125 11. Genome OrganizationProkaryotes and Eukaryotes 153 12. Central Dogma of Life: Structure of Nucleic Acids 167 13. DNA Replication 181 14. Amino Acids and their Classification and Genetic Codes, Transcription 191 15. Translation and Protein Synthesis 207 16. Structure of a Gene 217 17. Regulation of Gene Expression, Operon Concept 225 18. Blotting Techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction 233 19. DNA Sequencing Methods 247 20. DNA Manipulation Enzymes: Polymerase, Restriction Endonucleases and Ligases 255 21. Different Type of Vectors: Plasmids, Phagemids, Cosmids and BAC 265 22. Construction of Recombinant DNA Molecules and Bacterial Transformation 289 23. Direct and Indirect Gene Transfer Methods in Plants: Microinjection, Electrophoration, Particle Bombardment, Agrobacterium Mediated Method 299 24. Tissue Specific Promoters, Selectable and Scorable Markers, Reporter Genes and Molecular Analysis of Transgenic Plants 317 25. Transgenic Plants: Herbicide, Pest and Disease Resistant, Abiotic Stress Resistant 323 26. Transgenic Plants: Nutritional Enhancement and Traits for Improved Quality 339 27. Detection of GMOs: Regulations and Biosafety 345 28. DNA Markers-Hybridization Based Markers (RFLP) and PCR Based Markers: RAPD, SSR, AFLP and SNPs 357 ix 29. DNA Fingerprinting of Crop Varieties 371 30. Development of Mapping Populations 379 31. Linkage and QTL Analysis 383 32. Principles, Methods and Applications of Marker Assisted Selection in Crop Improvement 391 33. Applications of Plant Genomics and Genome Databases 405 34. Basics of Bioinformatics 417 35. Basics of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 433 36. Nanobiotechnology in Agriculture 463 Common Terminologies Used in Agricultural Biotechnology 481 Important Questions in Agricultural Biotechnology 527 References 593 Index 595 About the Author: Dr. Mathivanan Sivaji is presently working as Teaching Assistant (Biotechnology) in Agriculture College and Research Institute (AC&RI),Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai, one of the constituent college of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore. He has started his under graduate programme B.Sc. Agriculture in Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute (ADAC&RI), Trichy, TNAU followed by Master Degree Programme M.Sc. Agri. in Plant Biotechnology in Kerala Agriculture University (KAU) Thrissur, Kerala through DBT-JNU Fellowship and Ph.D. in Biotechnology at AC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. He has qualified ICAR-SRF and ICAR-NET. He is having six year working experience in both research and teaching. He has published 6 Books, 35 national and international research paper, 10 book chapters and 25 popular article in various aspect of Biotechnology. He has Participated and presented 30 national and international seminar and symposium. Dr. Muthaiyan Pandiyan, Ph.D, FNABS and FJPN, DEAN, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India. He has completed his Ph.D. in Plant Breeding and Genetics from TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. He is a notable Vigna breeder in national and international level. He is being developed MYMV durable resistant donor in mungbean with ricebean cross combination. He developed and released many varieties in pulses now all are ruling blackgram varieties VBN5 to VBN8 and VBN3 and VBN4 greengram and VBN3 redgram popular among farmers, VBN7 in blackgram is national donor. Blackgram VBN6 and VBN8 occupied more area under cultivation. He has written ten books and 120 research articles both national and international journals. Apart from varieties, many technologies have been developed and released specifically says wild boar repellent for farming communities. He is reviewer for NISCAIR and elsevier publications. He has registered plant materials in pulses and conserved the varietal seeds to NBPGR, New Delhi as plant Genetic Resources. He has guided more than five postgraduate and five Doctoral students and published research, chapters and review articles at national and international repute journals like PLOS one, Crop evolution and Plant Genetic Resources, Applied genetics and Molecular Biology.